![]() ![]() ![]() Its therapeutic effect depends on the physical and chemical effects of thermal water. 3, 4, 5 Balneotherapy has been used as an alternative or additional therapy for a long time. ![]() Hydrotherapy, the application using the principles of hydrostatics and hydrodynamics of water in different temperature and various forms, balneotherapy, described as bathing in natural mineral or thermal waters, and spa therapy, including other modalities such as massage, electrotherapy, and exercise besides immersion with thermal mineral water, are the leading methods among the nonpharmacological treatment options in many countries. In general, combinations of pharmacologic and nonpharmacological methods are preferred. There is an increasing interest in the treatment of these disorders. 1 Chronic musculoskeletal disorders increase as age gets older. The rates of patients seeking treatment are about 39% and 45% in men and women, respectively. Musculoskeletal disorders are one of the leading causes of disability and a major contributor to the global financial burden of disease. ![]()
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